SUMMARY Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have a higher risk of developing acute pulmonary complications, including pneumothorax and spontaneus pneumomediastinum. We describe the findings in the xray and CT scan of the thorax in a patient diagnosed with IPF. The radiography examination by two thoracic specialist radiologists revealed evidenced extravascular air in the thorax. Disnea, disphagia, aphonia, thoracic pain were the most concerning symptom presented in the patient. The thoracic radiology display air in the pleural cavity along bilateral pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. The patient died 22 days after the start of clinical deterioration due to respiratory failure.

RESUMEN Los pacientes con fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (FPI) presentan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones pulmonares agudas, incluyendo entre ellas el neumotórax y el neumomediastino. Describimos los hallazgos en la radiografía y el TAC de tórax en un paciente con diagnóstico de FPI. El examen radiológico realizado por dos radiólogos especialistas de tórax reveló hallazgos de aire extra alveolar. La disnea, disfagia, afonía y dolor torácico fueron los síntomas más llamativos que presentó el paciente. En la Rx de tórax se apreció neumotórax bilateral y neumomediastino. El paciente falleció a los 22 días de iniciado el deterioro clínico por insuficiencia respiratoria.

El Colera es una diarrea infecciosa aguda producida por Vibrio cholerae. La transmision se produce predominantemente a traves de agua o alimentos contaminados. La administracion de antibioticos puede disminuir la severidad de los sintomas. A partir de 1977, se han caracterizado cepas de V.cholerae O1 con resistencia multiple a los antibioticos. Los determinantes de resistencia han sido reportados principalmente asociados a plasmidos e integrones. Historicamente, solo las cepas del serogrupo O1 habian sido asociadas con epidemias de Colera. En 1992, un nuevo serogrupo, O139, emergio como la cepa causante de un gran brote de Colera. La diarrea masiva es causada por la toxina colerica (CT). El operon que codifica CT forma parte del genoma de un bacteriofago lisogenizado en la bacteria el cual permite interconversion de cepas. Se ha demostrado que el "quorum-sensing" regula negativamente la expresion de los genes de viru len cia en V. cholerae. El genoma de V. cholerae El Tor consiste en dos cromosomas circulares y con una pronunciada asimetria en la distribucion de los genes, en el cual se han detectado varias islas patogenicas (PAIs). Se ha reportado la existencia de V.cholerae "viable no cultivable" en ambientes acuaticos. Este fenomeno representa una nueva perspectiva en la vision de la "sobrevivencia" de V.cholerae en el ambiente e incorpora nuevas implicaciones epidemiologicas. El Colera ha sido catalogado como una "enfermedad emergente y reemergente", que amenaza a los paises en desarrollo. Los resultados de distintos grupos de investigadores han establecido que la transferencia horizontal de genes tiene influencia en la patogenicidad y ha sido importante en la evolucion de V. cholerae. Todavia permanecen sin descifrar algunos misterios en el origen de las cepas patogenas, pero, con las nuevas tecnologias seguro se develaran datos significativos que puedan dar luces sobre el origen de la patogenicidad de este organismo, que fue en un principio una bacteria inocua de estuario

The Cholera is an acute infectious diarrhea produced by Vibrio cholerae. Mainly the transmission takes place through contaminated water or foods. Antibiotic administration during the acute phase of the disease can reduce the severity of the symptoms. Since 1977, strains of V. cho lerae O1 with multiple antibiotic resistances have been characterized. The resistance determinants have been reported mainly associated to plasmids and integrones. Historically, the serogrupo O1 had been associated with epidemics of Cholera. In 1992, a new serogrupo, designated O139, emerged as the strain of cause from a big Cholera outbreak. The massive diarrhea is caused by the choleric toxin (CT). Operon ctxAB, that codifies the CT, is carried in lisogenic filamentous bacteriophage in the bacterium. "Quorum-sensing" negatively regulates the expression of the virulence genes in V.cholerae. The genome of V.cholerae El Tor consists of two circular chromosomes with a pronounced asymmetry in the distribution of the genes. Several patogenics islands (PAIs) have been detected in the genome of V.cholerae. In aquatic environments the existence of "viable but non cultivable" V.cholerae, has been reported. This phenomenon represents a new perspective in the role in survival in the natural environment with new epidemiological implications. The Cho lera has been catalogued as an "emergent, re-emergent disease" that threatens developing countries. The results of different investigators groups have established that horizontal transference of genes had influence in the pathogenicity and has been important in the evolution of V.cholerae. Several mysteries in the origin of the pathogenics clones still remain, but, the new technologies will reveal significant data about the origin of this pathogen, former an estuary innocuous bacterium

Introduccion: La enfermedad neumococica es una de las principales causas de mortalidad infantil en el mundo. Ob je - tivo: Determinar los serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae que producen enfermedad invasiva en ninos menores de 5 anos en Venezuela. Materiales y Metodos: Se establecieron 7 hospitales centinelas. El estudio incluyo variables demograficas y epidemiologicas. El Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel realizo la confirmacion y serotipificacion de las cepas. Resultados: Entre 1999-2007 fueron se - ro tipificadas 493 cepas de S. pneumoniae. Los serotipos mas frecuentes fueron el 14 (34,9%), 6B (13,8%), 5 (9,1%), 1 (6,1%) y 19A (6,1%), que correspondieron al 70% de las cepas. La cobertura global de la vacuna polisacarida conjugada heptavalente seria de 66,9% en bacteriemias, 56,6% en neumonias y 64,6% en meningitis. La va cuna decavalente tendria una cobertura teorica global de 76,9%, con valores similares en las tres entidades clinicas y la trecevalente tendria una cobertura potencial teorica de 90%. Conclu sio - nes: Esta investigacion reporta la distribucion de los serotipos invasivos de S. pneumoniae en Venezuela y permiten in ferir que la introduccion de vacunas neumococicas conjugadas en nuestra poblacion pediatrica ten drian un impacto positivo en la prevencion de la enfermedad

Background: Pneumococcal disease is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Objective: To determi - ne the serotype distribution of invasive S. pneumoniae strains isolated from children under 5 years in Venezuela. Ma terials and Methods: 7 hospitals settled down sentries. The study included demographic variables and epidemiologists. The National Institute of Higiene �gRafael Rangel�h rea li - sed the confirmation and serotyping of the strains. Results: Bet ween 1999-2007 493 strains of S. pneumoniae were se - ro typing. The most frequent serotypes, with 70% of all the strains belonging to these 5 serotypes were: 14 (34,9%), 6B (13,8%), 5 (9,1%), 1 (6,1%) and 19A (6,1%). The potential co verage of the 7-valent conjugate vaccine is 66,9% for bacteriemia, 56,6% for pneumonias and 64,6% for meningitis respectively. The potential coverage of the 10-valent conjugate vaccine is (76,9%) with similar values for the three clini cal manifestations and the 13-valent has a potential coverage of 90%. Conclusions: This investigation reports the distribution of invasive S. pneumoniae serotypes in Venezuela and allow to infer that the conjugated vaccines introduction in our pediatric population could have a positive impact on the prevention of pneumococcal disease

We report on a 16 year-old girl with a solid pseudopapillary tumor. Se was referred to our hospital with abdominal pain and a computed tomography that showed an heterogeneous mass in the páncreas head compatible with a solid pseudopapillary tumor. Physical examination did not show any abnormal finding. CT sean did not show neither regional or distant compromise. A pancreatoduodenectomy was performed with an uneventful postoperative course. Light microscopy confirmed diagnosis of a pancreatic pseudopapillary tumor

Se describe una paciente de 16 años portadora de un tumor solido pseudopapilar del páncreas. (TSP) La paciente fue referida a nuestro hospital por un cuadro de dolor abdominal y la existencia a la tomografía computada de una masa de contenido heterogéneo en la cabeza del páncreas. La paciente fue sometida a una resección pancreatoduodenal , extirpando una masa que pudo ser resecada con bordes negativos. La paciente evoluciona en buena forma en su post operatorio. El estudio histológico confirmó la existencia de un tumor solido pseudopapilar del páncreas

Extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) is a device composed of a conventional ion-sensitive electrode and a MOSFET device, which can be applied to the measurement of ion content in a solution. This structure has a lot of advantages as compared to the Ion- Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET). In this work, we constructed an EGFET by connecting the sensing structure fabricated with SnO2 to a commercial MOSFET (CD4007UB). From the numerical simulation of site binding model it is possible to determine some of the desirable characteristics of the films. We investigate and compare SnO2 films prepared using both the Sol-gel and the Pechini methods. The aim is an amorphous material for the EGFET. The SnO2 powder was obtained at different calcinating temperatures (200 - 500ºC) and they were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The films were investigated as pH sensors (range 2-11).

O feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carioca) foi cultivado em solução nutritiva na presença das seguintes concentrações de N, P e K, respectivamente em milimoles por litro: 16-2-6; 4-2-6; 1,6-2-6; 16-0,5-6; 16-0-6; 16-2-3; 16-2-0,6. Os outros macronutrientes e os micronutrientes foram fornecidos em doses iguais a todas as plantas. O estado nutricional foi avaliado através das seguintes técnicas: diagnose foliar (determinação dos teores totais de N, P e K e da concentração de nitrato e fosfato solúvel), atividade da redutase do nitrato (RNO3). Todos os métodos utilizados refletiram bem o estado nutricional do feijoeiro, exceto para P, .sendo que para a atividade da RNO3, os teores totais de N e K e de N-nitrato foram os que apresentaram a melhor correlação positiva com a produção das vagens.

Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Carioca) were grown in nutrient solution in the presence of the following concentrations of N, P and K, respectively, in milimoles per liter: 16-2-6; 4-2-6; 1,6-2-6; 16-0,5-6; 16-0-6; 16-2-3 and 16-2-0,6. The remaining macro and all micronutrients were supplied at the same rates to all plants. The nutritional status was assessed by the following techniques: foliar diagnosis (determination of total N, P and K and of the nitrate-N and soluble phosphate concentration) and nitrate reductase activity (RNO3). All methods proved to be suitable, except in the case of P. Higher correlations with bean production, however, were obtaind for total concentration of N and K, nitrate-N, and RNO3 activity.